What Is a Sexual Assault Statute of Limitations?
A sexual assault statute of limitations is a legal deadline for filing a sexual assault lawsuit. Deadlines vary significantly from state to state and may differ depending on whether a case is pursued through the civil or criminal justice system.
Here’s the difference:
- A civil sexual abuse statute of limitations determines how long a survivor has to file a sexual abuse lawsuit seeking compensation for the harm done.
- A criminal sexual assault statute of limitations outlines how long prosecutors have to bring criminal charges against an alleged offender.
If you feel confused, that’s totally understandable. Her Case Matters is here to help if you want to learn about filing a civil sexual abuse lawsuit and pursuing a settlement.
Our legal partners have secured over $10.5 Billion to date for victims of injustice, including survivors of sexual assault.
Reach out today to see if there’s still time for you to take action.
What Factors Affect a Sexual Abuse Statute of Limitations?
The statute of limitations on a sexual abuse lawsuit may differ depending on case-specific factors. For example, lawmakers separate child and adult sexual assault statutes of limitations, which may give young people more time to heal before taking legal action.
However, acting quickly is crucial because your state’s legal deadline may be shorter than those in other states.
Factors that affect civil sexual assault lawsuits include:
- Abuse hidden by concealment or fraud
- Equitable tolling exceptions
- Institution-specific liability
- Lookback windows
- Pending criminal cases
- The survivor’s age at the time of the abuse
- Whether a discovery rule applies
States have different rules regarding how their statutes of limitations for sexual assault work. Filing your sexual abuse lawsuit before the applicable deadline passes is the best way to get the justice you deserve.
Abuse Hidden by Concealment or Fraud
Sometimes, institutions or businesses associated with an abuser cover up what happened after becoming aware of the sex abuse. Victims may not learn that the institution had knowledge of the abuse until after their state’s sexual assault statute of limitations has expired.
Certain states make filing deadline exceptions in those cases. This is called a concealment tolling exception, and may help some survivors pursue justice years or decades after their abuse happened.
An example would be Connecticut, which has a 30-year deadline for filing sexual assault lawsuits after the victim turns 18. If the accused perpetrator concealed their identity, the state may allow the victim to file their lawsuit even if it’s been more than 30 years since they turned 18.
Equitable Tolling Exceptions
Some states also have equitable tolling exceptions, which allow judges to pause the deadline out of fairness for the victim. This might happen if a survivor was threatened into silence by the perpetrator.
Mental health conditions can also qualify for an equitable tolling exception. When sex abuse survivors develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other conditions, they may not be in a state of mind to understand their legal rights or take action until their sexual assault statute of limitations has passed.
Contact us if you want to talk about exceptions to filing deadlines. We’ll listen to your questions and help you get answers about your legal options.
Institution-Specific Liability
Filing deadlines may differ depending on whether a sexual assault survivor sues an individual or institution. Liability rules may extend deadlines when people in positions of authority, like teachers, coaches, doctors, or clergy members, use their institutional power to abuse or silence victims.
Reporting abuse is much more difficult for survivors when their abuser can influence their ability to do things like get a job or qualify for a scholarship. Liability exceptions sometimes give victims an opportunity to take legal action once they are no longer in that power dynamic.
Lookback Windows
Lookback windows are laws that temporarily give survivors more time to file sexual abuse lawsuits that would otherwise be past their state’s sexual assault statute of limitations. For example, Rhode Island enacted a lookback window that started July 1, 2026, and allows survivors to file civil sexual assault lawsuits through June 30, 2028.
Temporarily extending sexual abuse statutes of limitations gives survivors an opportunity to finally hold perpetrators, businesses, or institutions accountable in court. Call us at (877) 904-4241 to find out whether your state also has a lookback window law.
Pending Criminal Cases
A perpetrator’s criminal convictions may influence whether victims can sue them in civil court after the state’s sexual assault statute of limitations has passed. In Kansas, survivors may file civil claims against their abusers for up to 3 years after a criminal conviction, regardless of their age.
Some civil sexual assault lawyers strengthen their cases with facts brought up in criminal court. Pending criminal case exceptions may help survivors pursue settlements in those situations.
The Survivor’s Age
Statutes of limitations for child sex abuse cases often don’t start until the victim reaches what’s known as “the age of majority,” which is 18 years old in most states. After they become a legal adult, state-specific filing timelines begin.
Survivors of child sexual assault in Arizona have 12 years to file a civil sexual abuse lawsuit after they turn 18. In New Jersey, 18-year-olds have 37 years to pursue civil legal action after surviving sex abuse as a minor.
Remember, it’s better to explore your legal actions sooner rather than later. Some states don’t have an age-of-majority exception in their statutes of limitations.
Discovery Rules
Discovery rules change when the clock starts for a state’s statute of limitations for adult or child sexual assault cases. Limitation periods begin when the survivor discovers that their physical, psychological, or emotional injuries were caused by the abuse.
This gives victims more time to recover and consider if they want to file a sexual assault lawsuit. Child USA found that childhood sexual abuse survivors don’t disclose their abuse until the average age of 52, but they still deserve to seek justice. Discovery rules may help in those cases.
What Happens If You Miss Your State’s Sexual Abuse Statute of Limitations?
Missing your state’s statute of limitations for sexual assault lawsuits generally means that civil or criminal courts will no longer hear your case. However, states have several filing deadline exceptions for varying circumstances that could apply to your situation.
Recently enacted lookback windows or your medical history are a few factors that could make you eligible for a civil sexual assault lawsuit.
“The sooner you’re able to reach out to an attorney, the better your chances are of protecting your legal rights.”
— Ellen Hurd, sexual assault attorney
You don’t have to have all the answers before speaking with our team. We’ll help you understand your options and connect you with a sexual assault law firm in our network if you qualify.
Get in touch with us now for guidance.
Sexual Assault Statute of Limitations by State
Sexual abuse statutes of limitations vary widely across the United States. Double-check your state’s statute of limitations for sexual assault to see whether you may be able to file a lawsuit.
| State | Civil Sexual Assault Statute of Limitations | Civil Child Sexual Abuse Statute of Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 years | 6 years or age 25 |
| Alaska | No time limit | No time limit |
| Arizona | 2 years | 12 years or age 30 |
| Arkansas | 3 years | 3 years |
| California | 10 years (Lookback window open through 2027) | No time limit |
| Colorado | No time limit | No time limit |
| Connecticut | 3 years | Age 48 |
| Delaware | 2 years | No time limit |
| District of Columbia | Age 40 or 5 years | 5 years or age 40 |
| Florida | 4 years | No time limit |
| Georgia | 2 years | 2 years or age 23 |
| Hawaii | 2 years | 3 years or age 26 |
| Idaho | 2 years | 5 years or age 23 |
| Illinois | 2 years | No time limit |
| Indiana | 2 years | 7 years |
| Iowa | 2 years | 2 years or age 19 |
| Kansas | 2 years | 3 years or age 31 |
| Kentucky | 1 year | 10 years or age 28 |
| Louisiana | 3 years | No time limit |
| Maine | 6 years | No time limit |
| Maryland | 3 years | No time limit |
| Massachusetts | 3 years | 7 years or age 53 |
| Michigan | 10 years | 3 years or age 28 |
| Minnesota | 6 years | No time limit |
| Mississippi | 3 years | 3 years or age 24 |
| Missouri | 5 years | 3 years or age 31 |
| Montana | 3 years | 3 years or age 27 |
| Nebraska | 4 years | No time limit |
| Nevada | No time limit | No time limit |
| New Hampshire | No time limit | No time limit |
| New Jersey | 7 years | 7 years or age 55 |
| New Mexico | 3 years | 3 years or age 24 |
| New York | 20 years | Age 55 |
| North Carolina | 3 years | Age 28 |
| North Dakota | 9 years | 21 years |
| Ohio | 1 year | 12 years |
| Oklahoma | 1 year | 20 years |
| Oregon | No time limit | No time limit |
| Pennsylvania | 2 years | Age 55 |
| Rhode Island | 3 years | 7 years or age 53 |
| South Carolina | 3 years | 3 years or age 27 |
| South Dakota | 3 years | 7 years or age 25 |
| Tennessee | 1 year | 3 years or age 33 |
| Texas | 5 years | 30 years or age 48 |
| Utah | 4 years | No time limit |
| Vermont | 3 years | No time limit |
| Virginia | 10 years | 20 years |
| Washington | 2 years | 3 years or age 21 for sexual assault prior to June 6, 2024 |
| West Virginia | 2 years | 4 years or age 36 |
| Wisconsin | 3 years | Age 35 |
| Wyoming | 4 years | 3 years or age 26 |
Sexual Assault Statute of Limitations News and Settlements
Statutes of limitations for sexual assault cases continue to change. When updates happen, survivors should know whether they can pursue justice.
Sexual assault statute of limitations updates and settlements include:
- June 30, 2026: The San Francisco Archdiocese agreed to a $395 million settlement to resolve claims from over 200 people alleging that priests sexually abused them.
- June 26, 2026: Los Angeles County District Attorney Nathan Hochman approved the initial payouts from a $4 billion settlement for victims who suffered sex abuse while in the county’s foster care and juvenile detention systems.
- June 11, 2026: Rhode Island Governor Daniel McKee signed Senate Bill 2616 into law, opening a 2-year lookback window for child sexual assault survivors.
- June 4, 2026: Ohio State University agreed to $100 million in settlements with 279 victims who alleged they were sexually abused by Dr. Richard Strauss while he was a physician with the university.
- May 19, 2026: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ogdensburg settled 125 claims of clergy sexual abuse for $45 million, which were made possible by New York’s 2019 1-year lookback window.
- May 1, 2026: The Archdiocese of New York offered an $800 million settlement to 1,300 people who alleged that they were sexually abused as minors.
- March 3, 2026: Maryland’s Supreme Court upheld a 2023 law that eliminated the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse lawsuits.
- February 10, 2026: Federal lawmakers introduced “Virginia’s Law,” which would end the federal statute of limitations and jurisdiction restrictions for future civil sexual abuse cases.
- January 29, 2026: New York City updated the Gender Motivated Violence Act and started a 1-year lookback window for civil sexual assault cases. It ends on July 29, 2027.
- January 1, 2026: A 2-year lookback window outlined in Assembly Bill 250 began in California, allowing expired civil cases against institutions or private entities to move forward through December 31, 2027.
Don’t hesitate to reach out if you’re unsure about your legal rights. You deserve justice after sexual abuse, which is only possible within your state’s statute of limitations.
How to File Within Your State’s Sexual Assault Statute of Limitations
You aren’t alone if you want to file a sexual abuse lawsuit. The sexual assault lawyers in our network fight for survivors and negotiate the largest possible payouts for them.
Here’s how you can get started with a sexual abuse lawsuit:
- Get a free case review: Our team will listen to what happened and connect you with our partner sexual assault lawyers if you qualify.
- Collect evidence: Documentation, including medical records or text messages, could strengthen your claim.
- File your sexual assault lawsuit: An attorney will file a lawsuit before your state’s civil statute of limitations for sexual assault passes.
- Rest with loved ones: Recover at home while your sexual abuse attorney negotiates a settlement on your behalf.
- Wait for updates: If your attorney is unable to reach an out-of-court settlement, they’ll fight for you in court to reach a verdict and fair compensation.
A sexual abuse lawyer can review the facts of your case, explain applicable deadlines, and help determine whether legal action may still be possible.
Reach out now to explore your legal options.
File a Sexual Abuse Claim Before It’s Too Late
You deserve to be heard and pursue accountability. Learning about your state’s sexual assault statute of limitations is the first step in making that happen.
We’re here to help you understand recent changes in state laws, find a sexual abuse lawyer, and seek justice. Acting quickly is crucial because your state’s filing deadline may be soon.
Get a free case review now or call (877) 904-4241 to learn more about your legal rights. You may have new opportunities to take action, depending on where you live.
Sexual Abuse Statute of Limitations FAQS
What is a statute of limitations?
A statute of limitations is a law that sets a deadline within which someone must file a civil or criminal lawsuit. Sexual abuse statutes of limitations may pass quickly, so survivors should act fast if they want to take legal action and seek compensation.
Contact us to explore your eligibility. You’ll learn how much time you have to file and meet with one of the sexual assault lawyers in our network if you qualify for a lawsuit.
Is there a federal sexual abuse statute of limitations?
No, there isn’t a federal sexual assault statute of limitations because each state makes its own laws. Sexual abuse victims pursue accountability under state civil or criminal codes, which happens in state courts.
However, the federal government may prosecute sex crimes in criminal court if they happened on federal land, crossed state lines, or involved international commerce.
What is the difference between civil and criminal statutes of limitations?
Civil and criminal statutes of limitations are legal deadlines that determine how long people have to file lawsuits in each respective court. The types of lawsuits may sound similar, but they have different outcomes.
Here are the biggest differences:
- Civil lawsuits seek justice through settlements, which lawyers may negotiate out of court.
- Criminal lawsuits pursue justice through formal verdicts, which may result in convictions, dismissals, or plea bargains.
Sexual assault survivors may not have to wait for law enforcement to make an arrest if they’re eligible for a civil lawsuit. Civil proceedings can also happen out of court, which can be less stressful for victims.
Call us at (877) 904-4241 if you have questions. Our team can provide support and clarity.
Are child sexual abuse and sexual assault statutes of limitations different?
Yes, child sexual abuse and sexual assault statutes of limitations are different for several reasons. Many children wait until adulthood to talk about their trauma, if they ever do. Their family members may not even see the signs of sexual abuse until years later.
States may also make filing deadlines longer and civil or criminal punishments more severe for child sex abuse crimes. However, you should still act quickly if you’d like to start a civil lawsuit, as timelines vary and you deserve swift justice.
Can a sexual assault lawsuit still get filed after the statute of limitations passes?
In some situations, yes. Civil sexual assault lawsuits have exceptions that are different in each state. Some states have lookback windows that give survivors more time to file sexual assault lawsuits. Others make filing deadline exceptions if the victim was a minor or if the alleged perpetrator hid the abuse.
Get your free case review today to learn about the statute of limitations for sexual assault in your state. We’ll connect you with our partner sexual abuse law firm if you qualify to take legal action.
Written by: Her Case Matters
At HerCaseMatters, we believe women deserve to be heard — especially when it comes to their health and safety. Too often, harmful drugs, devices, and corporate wrongdoing impact women’s lives without proper warning, support, or accountability. We’re here to change that. We work with trusted legal partners who are deeply experienced in holding powerful companies accountable. But more than that, we’re here to remind women everywhere that their pain is real, their experiences matter, and they deserve justice.
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- Hawai’i State Legislature. (n.d.). §657-7 Damage to persons or property. Retrieved from: https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0657/HRS_0657-0007.htm.
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- Nevada Legislature. (n.d.). Chapter 11 – Limitation of actions. Retrieved from: https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-011.html.
- New Jersey Legislature. (n.d.). 2A:14-2a Statute of limitations for action at law resulting from certain sexual crimes against a minor. Retrieved from: https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F309.
- NJ Coalition Against Sexual Assault. (n.d.). Civil statute of limitations for sexual assault. Retrieved from: https://njcasa.org/find-help/civil-statute-of-limitations/.
- North Carolina General Assembly. (n.d.). § 1-52. Three years. Retrieved from: https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_1/gs_1-52.html.
- North Dakota Legislative Branch (n.d.) 28-01-22.1. Actions against state – Limitation. Retrieved from: https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf.
- Office of the Revisor of Statutes. (n.d.). 541.073 Actions for damages due to sexual abuse; special provisions. Retrieved from: https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.073.
- Offices of Representative Annessa Hartman, Representative Ben Bowman, and Representative Emerson Levy. (May 29, 2025). Oregon House unanimously passes landmark bill to eliminate civil statutes of limitations for sexual assault survivors. Retrieved from: https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/housedemocrats/Documents/Oregon%20House%20Unanimously%20Passes%20Landmark%20Bill%20to%20Eliminate%20Civil%20Statutes%20of%20Limitations%20for%20Sexual%20Assault%20Survivors.pdf.
- Official Code of Georgia Annotated. (n.d.). O.C.G.A. § 9-3-33. Retrieved from: https://advance.lexis.com/documentpage/?pdmfid=1000516&crid=d52ed83a-bdbe-428a-85c6-e7e9cf95799b&nodeid=AAJAAEAADAAR&nodepath=%2FROOT%2FAAJ%2FAAJAAE%2FAAJAAEAAD%2FAAJAAEAADAAR&level=4&haschildren=&populated=false&title=9-3-33.+Injuries+to+the+person%3B+injuries+to+reputation%3B+loss+of+consortium%3B+exception.&config=00JAA1MDBlYzczZi1lYjFlLTQxMTgtYWE3OS02YTgyOGM2NWJlMDYKAFBvZENhdGFsb2feed0oM9qoQOMCSJFX5qkd&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fstatutes-legislation%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A6348-FS71-DYB7-W3RS-00008-00&ecomp=bgf5kkk&prid=d7e84c8b-5a40-49af-93bf-ef2f2dc8ae7e.
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- Oklahoma Public Legal Research System. (n.d.). 12-95. Retrieved from: https://oklegal.onenet.net/oklegal-cgi/get_statute?99/Title.12/12-95.html.
- Pennsylvania General Assembly. (n.d.). § 5524. Two year limitation. Retrieved from: https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.055.024.000..HTM.
- RAINN. (May 31, 2026). Understanding statutes of limitations for sexual violence cases. Retrieved from: https://rainn.org/reporting-sexual-assault-to-law-enforcement/understanding-statutes-of-limitations-for-sexual-violence-cases/.
- Simmons Hanly Conroy. (April 29, 2026). Q&A with Uber® assault attorney Ellyn Hurd. Retrieved from: https://www.simmonsfirm.com/blog/interview-with-an-uber-assault-attorney/.
- SNAP. (March 3, 2023). Maryland’s highest court upholds ending statute of limitations on child sex abuse lawsuits. Retrieved from: https://snapnetwork.org/2026/03/03/marylands-highest-court-upholds-ending-statute-of-limitations-on-child-sex-abuse-lawsuits/.
- Sokolove Law. (July 1, 2026). Sexual abuse statute of limitations. Retrieved from: https://www.sokolovelaw.com/personal-injury/sexual-abuse/statute-of-limitations/.
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- South Dakota Legislature Legislative Research Council. (n.d.). Chapter 22-22 Sex offenses. Retrieved from: https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/22-22.
- State of Rhode Island General Assembly. (n.d.). § 9-1-14. Limitation of actions for words spoken or personal injuries. Retrieved from: https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/title9/9-1/9-1-14.htm.
- State of Rhode Island. (June 11, 2026). Governor McKee signs legislation expanding access to justice for child sex abuse victims. Retrieved from: https://governor.ri.gov/press-releases/governor-mckee-signs-legislation-expanding-access-justice-child-sex-abuse-victims.
- Texas Constitution and Statutes. (2025). Civil practice and remedies code Chapter 16. Retrieved from: https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/?tab=1&code=CP&chapter=CP.16&artSec=16.0045.
- The Alaska State Legislature. (n.d.). CSHB 2(JUD): An Act relating to the statute of limitations for certain civil actions; and providing for an effective date. Retrieved from: https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/23?Hsid=HB0002B.
- The Delaware Code Online. (n.d.). Chapter 81. Personal actions. Retrieved from: https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/.
- The Florida Senate. (2024). 2024 Florida statutes (including 2025C). Retrieved from: https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2024/95.11.
- The General Court of New Hampshire. (n.d.). Title LII Actions, process, and service of process. Retrieved from: https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/lii/508/508-mrg.htm.
- The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (n.d.). Section 2A: Tort, contract to recover for personal injuries, and replevin actions. Retrieved from: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleV/Chapter260/Section2A.
- The Guardian. (February 10, 2026). Democrats introduce ‘Virginia’s law’ bill to end statute of limitations on civil sexual abuse cases. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/10/democrats-virginias-law-sexual-abuse-cases.
- The New York Senate. (September 6, 2024). Section 213-C Action by victim of conduct constituting certain sexual offenses. Retrieved from: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/213-C.
- Utah State Legislature. (2023). Utah Code Title 78B Judicial code, Chapter 2 Statutes of Limitations, Part 3 Other than real property, Section 307 Within four years. Retrieved from: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/78B-2-S307.html.
- Vermont General Assembly. (2025). 12 V.S.A. § 512. Retrieved from: https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/12/023/00512.
- Virginia Law Library. (n.d.). § 8.01-243. Personal action for injury to person or property generally; extension in actions for malpractice against health care provider. Retrieved from: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-243/.
- Washington State Legislature. (n.d.). RCW 4.16.100. Retrieved from: https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=4.16.100.
- Washington State Legislature. (n.d.). RCW 4.16.340. Retrieved from: https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=4.16.340.
- WCAX3. (May 19, 2026). Ogdensburg diocese agrees to $45 million settlement with sexual abuse survivors. Retrieved from: https://www.wcax.com/2026/05/19/ogdensburg-diocese-agrees-45-million-settlement-with-sexual-abuse-survivors/.
- West Virginia Code. (n.d.). §55-2-12. Personal actions not otherwise provided for. Retrieved from: https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-2-12/.
- Wisconsin State Legislature. (July 1, 2026). 893.54 Injury to the person. Retrieved from: https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/893/v/54.
